Water. Inside and out. Purifying

11/09/2020

The glass of Tap or Bottled Water can contain a lot of Contaminants in it. Which can impact health majorly in long term effects.
If we want to make the water we drink better and safer, we got a way to do so with purification. There are some decisions on the market, So let's get started.

Here are the topics for our discussion:

Purifying types
Carbon filters
Reverse Osmosis
Distillation
Minerals Question
Environmental aspect
Comparison. Conclusion
Related Products
Related Links and Information Sources

Purifying types

Point-of-use treatment systems purify only the water that is used for consumption.
Point-of-entry treatment systems typically treat all of the water entering a home. These filtration systems attach to the faucet or sit under the sink.

Here we will talk about Drinking Water.
There are three major types of purifying water at home which allow a great range of removal: Carbon Filter, Reverse Osmosis, Distillation.
Also, there are such as Boiling, Sand, Fiber or Ceramic Filter, Chlorine Bleach, Ozone, Ultraviolet, Freezing. But they don't provide pure water and are effective on limited points of pollution.

Let's take a deeper look at the most effective water purifying methods.

Carbon filters

Carbon filters are made by heating carbonaceous material, such as coconut shells or coal, to extremely high temperatures in chambers filled with argon or nitrogen.
Carbon filtering works by adsorption, in which pollutants in the fluid to be treated are trapped inside the pore structure of a carbon substrate. The substrate is made of many carbon granules, each of which is itself highly porous. More surface area they have, the more effective they are.

Carbon filters are most effective at removing particles such as sediment, chlorine, mercury, SOCs, and VOCs, such as benzene, carbon tetrachloride, dioxin, formaldehyde, and chloroform, taste and odor. Removes pesticides, herbicides, and total trihalomethanes, chemical compounds that can be formed when water is disinfected with chlorine. Capable of removing lead.
They are not effective at removing minerals, salts, and dissolved inorganic substances.
They can also become contaminated with bacteria if they're not changed approximately every six months.

Reverse Osmosis

Reverse osmosis systems use pressure to force the water through the membrane. The water molecules pass through the cell membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration. Water is forced water through filters and a semi-permeable membrane - a thin, pliable sheet that allows water molecules through but not the impurities.

Reverse osmosis systems usually have multiple stages, which have different types of filtration. All reverse osmosis filtration systems work on the same basic principles.
Most reverse osmosis systems have a sediment filter that removes large particles, and a carbon filter that removes organic compounds like pesticides. Many systems also have a remineralization stage where minerals are added back into the water.
Reverse Osmosis system integrates with the plumbing under a kitchen sink or countertop.
Supplies water on demand from a storage tank.

Reverse osmosis removes most heavy metals such as copper, magnesium, sodium, chloride, chromium, mercury, lead, calcium, iron, and asbestos; may reduce arsenic, fluoride, radium, sulfate, magnesium, potassium, nitrate, and phosphorous, also fluoride added by municipalities. Pathogens and viruses are also removed, though not always completely.

Reverse osmosis filters remove SOCs, VOCs, and chlorine but have difficulties with that. Chlorine damages the membrane and has to be filtered out beforehand with a carbon filter. If Don't Change The Prefilters, It Will Ruin The Reverse Osmosis Membrane. Chlorine "breaks through" and flows into the membrane. Most Reverse Osmosis Systems membranes are damaged even by low levels of free chlorine, and the entire reverse osmosis module will need to be replaced. But there isn't an easy way to know if this damage has taken place.

The membrane is also vulnerable to sediment and bacteria, which can grow on its surface.

Reverse Osmosis generates a lot of water waste. Only about 30-50 percent of all the water used goes into potable drinking water. It can send from 3 gallons of water to drain per 1 gallon of water produced. Since reverse osmosis is not filtering dissolved solids from the water by capturing them like a regular filter, it will require plenty of water to dispose of the unwanted impurities by flushing them away.
It is possible to hook up a splitter with a shut-off switch on it to the systems drain line which can allow sending the wastewater to a storage tank for later use, such as washing and cleaning. But if it will be such a need, if storage will be enough size and if it's not confusing to use a bit less freshwater than from the tap.
Reverse Osmosis System will take Space Under Sink Storage. In addition to the manifold that holds the pre-filters and reverses osmosis components, and also space for the storage tank.
Home osmosis kits are difficult to install, need to hire a plumber to install it. It will be needed to drill a counter top and drain pipe during Installation, that may crack It.
Reverse Osmosis system can be specified for a limited type of pollutants. Some are rated to lead/chromium 6, some are just to remove chlorine taste and TDS/ppm.
Reverse Osmosis systems also made with Plastics, which would need to be changed with time.

Distillation

Distillation duplicates nature's hydrologic cycle of evaporation, condensation and precipitation.
The Sun provides heat to the water in the ocean, which causes the liquid water to turn into vapor. As soon as the water turns from liquid to vapor it lets go of the contaminants that it was holding onto. The water vapor then rises and condenses into clouds. The clouds then cool down and the water precipitates and the rain falls. This water started out extremely contaminated and finishes as very pure water.
The process of distillation duplicates this process. The water boils into water vapor and leaves any junk behind in the boiling chamber. The pure water vapor then rises and is moved into a separate chamber and then it's cooled back down into the water.
The process of evaporation, condensation, and precipitation is a physical quality of water that never changes.

Distillation is the single most effective process for purifying water. A well-designed distiller system will remove 99.9% of all contaminants.

Distilled water is effective at removing arsenic, asbestos, chlorine, lead, mercury, nitrates, pesticides, salts, and SOCs. Boiling the water also kills bacteria and viruses.
Distilling filters have a separate filter to trap and remove VOCs. Carbone Filters included in the Distillation kit. VOCs have a lower boiling point than water, so the boiling can't remove them in the first place.

Distillation produces extremely consistent results. There is no drop in quality over time. The life of the machine could be well over 30 years.

The pH of distilled water is pretty close to 7. Once it exits the distillation process, though, water will inevitably absorb some carbon dioxide from the atmosphere which will lower the pH to around 6.0.

It takes 3 kilowatts of electricity to filter one gallon of water and approximately 5 hours, which seems slow.
Also, they generate heat, it can additionally add heat to the house.

There are electrical and fire-heated distillers.

Minerals Question

There is an opinion that besides removing harmful minerals, distillers also remove necessary minerals like calcium and magnesium. And some people go as far as to think that drinking mineral-depleted water can suck or leech the minerals out of your body.

So Is tap water a source for the daily needs of those minerals to provide? If they have such a necessity to be sourced from water and can't be found anywhere else? And how is would be proceeded?
Does Water leech them or not?
Is the Non-organic (Water) and Organic (Food) Chemical Forms of Minerals the same or different?

Let's take a look.

So there is an opinion that tap water is a mineral source. The most burning question is about calcium and magnesium provided from the water.
Theoretically, Teens need 1,300 mg of calcium daily, while adults aged 19-50 need 1,000 mg. In the USA, tap water calcium concentrations varied from 8.3 mg/L in Montgomery, AL, to 131 mg/L. in Phoenix, AZ

The daily Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for elemental magnesium are: 19-30 years, 400 mg (men) and 310 mg (women); 31 years and older, 420 mg (men) and 320 mg (women). The range of magnesium concentration in tap water is about from 1.7 to 26.2 mg/L, with a mean of 6.8 mg/L

Drinking mineral-depleted water can suck or leech the minerals out of your body?

World Health Organization "CONSUMPTION OF LOW TDS WATER" Report in 1992.

Which has the opinion of leaching minerals says the following.

#Water low in TDS (e.g. < 100 mg/L) on water and mineral homeostasis. Low-mineral water markedly: 1.) increased diuresis (almost by 20%, on average), body water volume, and serum sodium concentrations, 2.) decreased serum potassium concentration, and 3.) increased the elimination of sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium and magnesium ions from the body.#

The report is not informative about processes, reasons, and principles of how and what exactly happens in the body.

Also, we have The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's response to this issue and other evidence which demonstrate that the consumption of water with low levels of minerals is safe.

CONSUMPTION OF LOW TDS WATER A COMMITTEE REPORT BY WATER QUALITY ASSOCIATION SCIENCE ADVISORY COMMITTEE 1992-1993
Specifically theses of this report here below.

# There are no health criteria of TDS.
The real functions of water in the human body are to serve as a solvent and medium for the transport of nutrients and wastes to and from cells throughout the body, a regulator of temperature, a lubricator of joints and other tissues, and a participant in our body's biochemical reactions. It is the H20 in water and not the dissolved and suspended minerals and other constituents that carry out these functions.
Low TDS water is containing between one and 100 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of total dissolved solids (TDS). This is typical of the water quality obtained from distillation, reverse osmosis, and deionization point-of-use water treatment of public or private water supplies that are generally available to consumers in the world.

A review was conducted of the United States, Canadian, World Health Organization (WHO) and European Community (EC) drinking water standards. None of them has minimum limits or optimum levels of total dissolved solids. The U.S. recommended maximum level is 500 mg/L, the Canadian guideline suggests less than 1, 000 mg/L, and the EC maximum admissible concentration (MAC) is 1,500 mg/L (for "dry residues").
The EC standards also list numbers for calcium (guide level of 100 mg/L) and magnesium (guide level of 30 mg/L., and MAC of 50 mg/L), and a minimum for hardness (minimum required concentration for softened water of 60 mg/L as Ca), and alkalinity (minimum required concentration for softened water of 30 mg/L HCOr). However, there is no health criteria.
Calcium, magnesium, hardness, and alkalinity conditions are not necessary for judging the safety of drinking water.

-# Homeostasis.
The human body's own control mechanism (homeostasis) regulates the mineral content of the body fluids and the discharge of different types of ions from the body of normal health individuals drinking water with low or high mineral content.

A better understanding of the effect of low TDS water on the human body requires a basic understanding of the body's mechanism in this respect.
Homeostasis is the maintenance of static or constant conditions in the internal body environment.
This natural process controls the mineral (ion) and the water concentrations in the body fluids within narrow limits inside and outside all the cells in all the organs and tissues of the body.
The kidneys are most important in maintaining constant ion concentrations (including sodium, potassium, calcium, etc.) through elimination and reabsorption.
In homeostasis, three body fluids are involved: plasma (approximately 3/5 of the blood volume); interstitial fluid (the fluid between cells); and intracellular (fluid inside the cells). The concentration of sodium ions is highest outside the cell and that of potassium ions is highest inside the cell. When the osmotic pressure is high on one side of the cell membrane (high concentration of ions) and low on the other side, water moves across the cell membrane from the dilute side toward the other side to equalize the osmotic pressure. This phenomenon is known as osmosis. [This is unlike reverse osmosis which occurs when outside pressure is applied to the concentrated side, pushing the water back to the dilute side.] The normal osmolality (concentration of ions) of all these fluids is about 300 milliosmoles per liter (mOsm/L (- 9,000 ppm).
Any changes from normal in ion concentration across the cell membrane is corrected in one minute or less because water moves quickly through cell membranes. Thus, small changes in osmolality from drinking purified water (0 to 100 mg/L TDS) are quickly brought to equilibrium.
The kidneys control the overall concentration of the constituents of body fluids. It filters about 180 liters (165 quarts) of water per day, but over 99% is reabsorbed and only 1.0 to 1.5 liters are eliminated as urine. If the osmolality of the fluid to be filtered by the kidney is lower than normal (low solute concentration - such as low TDS water) nervous and hormonal feedback mechanisms cause the kidney to excrete more water than normal and thus maintain the ion concentration in the body fluid to normal values. The opposite is true if the ion concentration of the fluid to be filtered is higher than normal. This kidney homeostatic mechanism keeps the body fluid osmolality normal. The osmolality of the fluid to be filtered by the kidney is controlled to ± 3% to maintain it at the normal level of 300 mOsm/L. The three basic hormonal and nervous control systems triggered by abnormal ion concentration in the body fluids to be filtered by the kidney are antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland, aldosterone from the adrenal glands, and thirst (as osmolality rise of about 1% causes thirst).
Because of these kidney control mechanisms, drinking one liter of water would cause the urine output to increase about nine times after about 45 minutes (due to absorption of water in the gut) and continue for about two hours. Thus, the concentrations of solutes in the blood and other body fluids are quickly maintained by the kidney through homeostasis. These control mechanisms keep the sodium concentration at ± 7%. Calcium secretion is controlled by parathyroid hormone to ± a few percent in the extracellular body fluid.
Also, saliva increases the ion concentrations during water intake. The concentration of sodium chloride in saliva is typically 15 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L) or 877 mg/L; that of potassium ion is about 30 mEq/L (1170 mg/L). As low TDS water is consumed, it is combined with saliva which increases the TDS before it reaches the gut to be absorbed, (e.g., each one milliliter of saliva can increase the TDS level in eight ounces of water consumed by about 10 mg/L).
Thus, based on the above highly credible and up-to-date textbook knowledge* it is evident that consumption by a healthy person of low TDS water alone cannot cause unhealthy systems. ['Healthy person' means free of disease, hormonal problems, etc., and not necessarily a healthy diet.] Of course, homeostasis is maintained by diet as are other body functions. If homeostasis is not maintained because of major diet deficiencies, disease, or hormonal dysfunction, consuming low TDS water would be a minor (if any) factor in any observed symptoms. It is apparent that disease, physiological dysfunction, or major nutritional deficiencies may cause a "leaching" problem, but not consuming one to two liters of low TDS water on a daily basis.
*Guyton, Arthur L., M.D. Textbook of Medical Psychology Eighth Edition, W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia (1991).

-# Scientifically oriented individuals Reviews

This annex (WHO) has been intensively reviewed by many scientifically oriented individuals, including Dr. Lee Rozelle and Dr. Ronald L. Wathen.

Dr. Wathen reviewed it from a medical point of view and wrote the following: The Annex VIII of the report is an alleged "review" of water and salt balance under the influence of a variety of water and salt intakes, in a variety of animals, including humans, exposed to a variety of conditions. The review is long on deductions, but very short on (re) presentation of solid data. Moreover, probably only a handful of references cited in this review (assuming they are cited correctly) may be from creditable scientific journals, that is, journals which demand proper scientific methodology and peer review of all work, prior to publication. Many of the cited articles may be from journals of "personal opinion".
This review cited observations on the organoleptic features of water (i.e., consumer appreciation of taste, odor, and color qualities) to underscore precise, physiologic thirst slaking with specific levels of TDS -- containing water in response to volume depletion. To begin with, the quoted electroencephalographic studies probably indicate only that a maximum number of receptor sites (taste buds) have to be recruited through stimulation to provide a maximum brain (alpha) wave response and that the TDS level in water providing the maximum response was between 200-600 mg/L of salt.
One would expect such a response; one might also imagine that receptor response (sensitivity) is considerably tempered by prior salt and mineral exposure for the individual. Organoleptic features are very, very unlikely to define whether a given water source is healthful on non-healthful or that the amount imbibed is appropriate to need. Moreover, taste receptor electrical activity, being unlikely to reveal preference by the consumer, means the consumer must be asked whether he or she prefers a given type of water. More often than not, preference reflects prior experience (learned behavior).
The review refers to exposure to desert and exercise conditions for humans and how water lost in sweating should be replaced, not with purified water but with salt water.
Replacement of the large fluid losses accompanying heavy exercise or thermal exposure, therefore, has nothing to do with using purified water for normal drinking and cooking purposes, the latter being paired with normal food intake to meet salt and mineral needs. In normal day-to-day activity not associated with extremes in sweatloss, the salt and minerals accompanying normal food intake more than meet daily dietary needs of such elements, whether consuming potable water (e.g., TDS of up to 500 mg/L) or purified water (e.g., TDS 100 mg/L) or pure water (e.g., 0.111 mg/L TDS).

Salts and minerals are not "leached" from the human body; they are preferentially retained or excreted, either of these events occurring relative to whether or not one is surfeit in water or salt or both. In short, the human body is not a lead or copper pipe which "leaches" in the presence of purified water. The Annex VIII review is very misleading in this regard.
I also think it is incredible to suggest that, in the absence of abnormal water loading experiments, consumption of demineralized water will cause distortion of the mucosal cells lining the GI tract.

But, even if the TDS is not raised by some external means, through the additions of saliva, gastric secretions, and small intestine secretions beyond the stomach, there is an internal elevation in TDS of any dilute fluid one might drink. It would be my opinion that the adsorptive portion of the GI tract, that is, the small intestine, in the absence of extreme water loading, never sees a hypotonic solution sufficient to cause the mucosal cells to swell or to appear damaged. There is a tendency in this review to draw conclusions from observations in anhidrotic (nonsweating) laboratory animals (dogs, rats, and rabbits) and apply them to the very hidrotic (sweating) human.

I found the reported physiological data to be very confusing, often at right-angles to prior knowledge. One wonders if the responses to various levels of salt in water were confused when citing data from the actual papers used in the review.
I personally have never heard of osmorceptors being present in the gut which might serve to regulate fluid adsorption. And certainly, I have never heard of the liver being a repository of salt to be released to reconstitute salt levels in the vascular compartment. This statement, I think, is borderline preposterous. The literature cited here has been misconstrued or is comprised of essentially factitious observations. Salt in all body fluid compartments redistributes bidirectionally in attempts to off-set excesses or insufficiencies in extracellular fluid constituents, particularly in the vascular (blood volume) compartment.

-# Field Experiences

There are no known scientific data which clearly demonstrate that the consumption of low TDS water by humans will or will not lead to harmful effects on the human body. However, a number of field experiences can be cited which support the premise that the consumption of such water by humans does not cause such harmful effects. There are no known documented experiences which show that consuming low TDS water will create any long-term health effects.
The U.S. Navy has used distilled water with less than three ppm TDS aboard ship for more than 40 years. Levels below 3 mg/L have been reported and consumption of this water for months at a time is common on submarines. No health problems have been reported by the Navy and they feel low TDS water is safe to drink.
This was confirmed with separate sources at the David Taylor Research Center in Annapolis, the Naval Sea Systems Command, the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, and the Navy Environmental Health Center.

Finally, the Surgeon General directed the Navy to address the subject formally in 1972. The conclusion was that drinking distilled water is not harmful.

The U.S. EPA conducted a project in San Ysidro, New Mexico in which the TDS was dropped from 800 mg/L to a range of 40 to 70 milligrams per liter. No health effects were observed during the one year test.
Possibly the largest field study of human consumption of low TDS water is within the United States where municipal systems are delivering water in this category. Millions of people currently consume such water, and this practice has gone on for decades. Exact data are difficult to obtain due to seasonal changes, use of blended water from multiple sources, and changes of sources.
In addition to these areas, thousands of private wells, as well as numerous small municipal systems in the U.S., produce low TDS water. No known health effects or problems have been reported as a result of this widespread practice.

NASA has reported no ill effects from the consumption of approximately .05 mg/L TDS water on board space craft.

In a field test in Boulder, Colorado with about 50 families, an experimental, zero discharge water system provided drinking water containing about. OS ppm TDS. No ill health effects were caused as a result of drinking this water.
In conclusion, the field experiences cited suggest that there are no long-term ill health effects, specifically the mineral leaching from human tissue, due to the consumption of low TDS water.#

Anyway, to compensate for this deficiency, the distilled or Osmosis water can be remineralized by adding Himalayan or Celtic Sea salt. Or for example celery juice which is highly rich in minerals and salts.

There is much controversy in the scientific community as to whether or not the body can utilize inorganic minerals in carrying out life processes. However, it is generally accepted that chemically and nutritionally organic food, which is natural, can adequately provide substances, including minerals, that can be utilized by the body at the cellular level.
Consuming mineral-rich fruits and vegetables can also restore minerals to a large extent.
Dark leafy greens like spinach, kale, turnips, and collard greens, celery, calcium-rich nuts like Brazil nuts or almonds, sesame seeds, poppy, chia seeds are rich in calcium.
Nuts are particularly high in magnesium including almonds, cashews and Brazil nuts, avocado, lentils, beans, chickpeas, peas, flax, pumpkin and chia seeds, whole grains, bananas, leafy greens including kale, spinach, collard greens, turnip greens and mustard greens.

What is the difference between organic and inorganic forms of minerals?

Organic minerals - these are once living, or are living and can bring life to cells. These contain carbon, and their electrons spin clockwise, just like those of the human body. Inorganic materials- these aren't living, without carbon and cannot bring life to cells.

Tap water presents a variety of inorganic minerals. Their presence is suspect in a wide array of degenerative diseases, such as hardening of the arteries, arthritis, kidney stones, gall stones, glaucoma, cataracts, hearing loss, emphysema, diabetes, and obesity. What minerals are available, especially in hard tapwater, are poorly absorbed, or rejected by cellular tissue sites, and, if not evacuated, their presence may cause arterial obstruction, and internal damage. (Dennison 1993, Muehling 1994, Banik 1989).
Kidney stones are made up of mineral-like buildups in the body and are much more common in areas where the groundwaters high in inorganic materials.
Joint calcification is a very common health problem. Insoluble deposits enter tissues and joints from consuming water that is full of inorganic minerals.
This issue of inorganic minerals in drinking water has been a controversial subject among physicians, nutritionists and many health experts. The debatable factor is whether the inorganic minerals found in water have any nutritional value that the body's cells and tissues can absorb. These inorganic minerals are from dissolved rocks and stone. Many qualified health professionals believe only organic minerals from food, such as fresh fruits and vegetables, are absorbed into the body's cells and tissues. Here's what some experts say about the minerals in water:
"The body contains 19 essential mineral elements, all of which must be derived from food." Paul C. Bragg, N.D. Ph. D.
"The body can use only organic minerals. It is physiologically impossible for your body to use an inorganic mineral...Anyone who knows biochemistry and physiology knows this to be true. When you drink water containing minerals, they are inorganic. They have no more virtue in the body than if the soil or rock itself were eaten." Harvey Diamond, Author
"Water is not a deliverer of minerals for the following reason: minerals as they are found in the ground -or spring water-cannot turn polarized light and as a result of this cannot or hardly enter through the cell membranes. That produces an over-osmotic pressure outside the cell membranes and a minor-osmotic pressure inside. That means too little water in our cells to keep a healthy balance." Franz Morell M.D.
Human physiology has a biological affinity for organic minerals. Most organic minerals for our body functions come from dietary plant foods. A growing plant converts the inorganic minerals from the soils to a useful organic mineral. When an organic mineral enters the stomach it must attach itself to a specific protein-molecule (chelation) in order to be absorbed, then it gains access to the tissue sites where it is needed. Once a plant mineral is divested within the body, it is utilized as a coenzyme for composing body fluids, forming blood and bone cells, and the maintenance of healthy nerve transmission. (Balch & Balch 1990)
Organic chelation is the natural process of building an amino acid, peptide, or polypeptide fence around a specific metal so that it is available for absorption and utilization within the body.
There is a considerable difference between chelated minerals and inorganic minerals. Chelated minerals consist of a mineral attached to an amino acid to assure better absorption than is possible with inorganic minerals.
The same holds true for mineral aspartates which consist of various minerals attached to aspartic acid or malic acid which are known to be involved in energy production within the cell itself.
The digestive tract is lined with specific receptors that will take up inorganic mineral atoms. Unfortunately, many different minerals compete for these receptors for transport, so most inorganic minerals never get absorbed. For instance, due to competition over receptors, there can be issues with taking certain inorganic minerals at the same time as prescription medications. When iron or calcium disassociate, for example, they naturally carry an ionic charge, attracting them like a magnet to opposite charged particles such as food or medication molecules; as a result, both become ineffective and pass through without being absorbed.
Bisglycinate chelates are designed to have a neutral charge, allowing them to travel freely in the digestion process to be picked up at specific receptor sites for ultimate nutritional benefit.
Now we can get the idea about processes and referencing absorption of organic and inorganic structures. Would the body use inorganic ones or just will digest or store the stones that are the point scientists debate about.

Environmental aspect

Water is a vital resource. Reverse Osmosis systems have a water waste as 3 gallons for 1 gallon of purified water. Some Reverse Osmosis systems claim zero waste because they pump the wastewater back through to be used again, but then the membranes break down faster. This creates another type of waste because you'll need to replace the membrane more often.
Home distillers waste very little water. The contaminants stay in the boiling tank of Distillers, so it can be the smallest water waste.

Distilling machine could be well over 30-40 years in use. Nothing will go to landfills with appliances. Just Carbon Filters which can be recycled (due to accumulated chemicals) or either carbon itself can be composted (attention to accumulated chemicals).

Plastics. Distiller does not require to change plastic contained changing supplies. It doesn't require plastic consumption as much especially with time. It is just plastics that may be a part of the Distilling machine. So those plastic replacements will not go to landfills and so on with it. Also, those plastic replacements won't leak their chemicals into the water.

Comparison Sheet. Conclusion.

Purification types Comparison. Carbon Filter, Reverse Osmosis, Distillation.

Water Quality is very important. As well as the environmental aspect of all this.
As we see Distillation and Reverse Osmosis are the most effective tools in removing contaminants. Distiller is a more usable thing and creates less waste while Plastic can be a flowing aspect which brings pollution onto the planet.
We have three effective major types of purification to use. So those are our choices.

More information can be found here in The Blog and at links to Related articles and Information sources below.

See the next Post "Water. Inside and out. Qualifications"